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Properties of Acids and Bases
Properties of Acids and Bases
Properties of Acids and Bases
WEEK OUTLINE:
NEXT WEEK:
Monday (Dec 14): Review Class Tuesday (Dec 15): Chemistry Test
PROPERTIES OF ACIDS
Chemists
classify substances by their properties Acids - are substances that react with metals and carbonates, conduct electricity, turns blue litmus red, and neutralize bases Acids also taste sour, but you should never taste chemicals in a lab! Very useful in food industry - act as preservatives (vinegar and lemon juice)
PROPERTIES OF ACIDS
Reaction
with Metals Acids react with metals to produce hydrogen gas Ex. hydrochloric acid + zinc hydrogen gas + zinc chloride 2HCl (aq) + Zn (s) H2 (g) + ZnCl2 (aq)
PROPERTIES OF ACIDS
Reaction
with Carbonates Acids react with carbonates to produce carbon dioxide gas Ex. acetic acid + sodium hydrogen carbonate carbon dioxide + water + sodium acetate HC2H3O2 (aq) + NaHCO3 (aq) CO2 (g) + H2O (l) + NaC2H3O2 (aq)
PROPERTIES OF ACIDS
Electrical
Conductivity Many acids are good conductors of electricity A solution can only conduct electricity if it contains ions Since acids are molecular compounds they do not contain ions
PROPERTIES OF ACIDS
Electrical
Conductivity (Continued) However, collisions with water molecules break acid molecules apart to form cations (hydrogen ions) and anions Ex. Hydrochloric acid forms hydrogen and chloride ions:
NAMES OF ACIDS
Two
Acid Name Hydrofluoric acid Hydrochloric acid Hydrobromic acid Hydrosulfuric acid
NAMES OF ACIDS
Acid
Acetic acid Nitric acid Carbonic acid Sulfuric acid Phosphoric acid
HC2H3O2 (aq) HNO3 (aq) H2CO3 (aq) H2SO4 (aq) H3PO4 (aq)
C2H3O2- (aq) NO3- (aq) CO3-2 (aq) SO4 -2 (aq) PO4 -3 (aq)
PROPERTIES OF BASES
Bases - conduct electricity, change the colour of acid-base indicators, feel slippery and taste bitter
PROPERTIES OF BASES
Electrical Conductivity Bases are electrolytes, meaning their solutions are good conductors of electricity Ex. NaOH (sodium hydroxide) is an electrolyte because in water it separates into ions as it dissolves
Many common bases are ionic compounds - they are made up of ions (unlike acids) As they dissolve in water, their ions are released
Base Sodium hydroxide Calcium hydroxide Ammonium hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide Aluminum hydroxide Sodium hydrogen carbonate (baking soda)
A substance that changes colour depending on the acidity or basicity of the solution is known as an acid-base indicator
THE PH SCALE
pH scale - a numerical scale of all the possible values of pH from 0 to 14 pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is A solution with a pH of 7 is considered neutral A solution with pH of less than 7 is considered acidic A solution with pH of greater than 7 is considered basic