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Under Water Communication
Under Water Communication
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Underwater Communication
Contents
Introduction Importance of UW communication Traditional approach Technology in use Vector sensor Architecture of Ocean Bottom Monitoring Differences with terrestrial network Challenges SONAR Applications
Introduction
Underwater communication is a technique of sending and receiving message below water Typical frequency: 1 Hz to 1 MHz
Hydroacoustics
Underwater Networks
Technology In Use
Hydrophon e
Hydrophone: Converts acoustic waves into electrical energy, Cannot measure multiple scalar quantities, and has Single Input Single Output.
Measures Pressure + Y & Z Components of Velocity Single Input Multiple Output More Efficient and Compact Size Therefore Vector Sensor is much more better than other receivers
Challenges
Battery Power is limited Limited available bandwidth Channel characteristics UW sensors are prone to failures because of fouling, corrosion, etc Mobility The ocean can be as deep as 10 km
SONAR
SOund Navigation And Ranging Two types of technology:
Active SONAR Passive SONAR
Active SONAR
Active sonar uses a sound transmitter and a receiver Principle:
creates ping listens echo
Passive SONAR
Passive sonar listens without transmitting. Noise limitations
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